Shabti

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Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton College, Clinton, NY. Photo by Bryan Edwards. For educational purposes only.
Datec. 945-715 B.C.E.
MediumFaience with pigment
DimensionsOverall: 2 7/8 × 1 1/16 × 3/4 in. (7.3 × 2.8 × 1.8 cm)
Credit LineGift of William C. Winslow, Class of 1862
Object number1943.97c
On view
DescriptionIn the Egyptian afterlife, everyone was expected to work in the Field of Reeds (or A’aru) for Osiris, the god of death. Shabtis first began appearing in tombs of the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2040 – 1782 B.C.E.), likely evolving from the wooden models of servants and workers that were included in Old and Middle Kingdom burials. At first, they were only mummiform and most were placed in their own coffins. Most remained uninscribed, but some included the name of their owners or fractions of the shabti spell from Chapter 6 of the Book of the Dead. By the New Kingdom, shabtis had come to personify the deceased and perform labor on their behalf in the A’aru. They were made of predominantly clay and faience, and painted with agricultural implements such as sickles, hoes, baskets, and brick molds for working in the A’aru. Most tombs contain at least a few shabtis. Over time, it became more common to include 365 worker shabtis (one for each day of the year) and 36 overseers (one for every 10 worker shabtis) in wealthier tombs, totaling 401. This shabti was likely excavated from Abydos sometime between 1899 – 1902, and donated to the College by William C. Winslow in 1902. It likely dates to the 22nd Dynasty (ca. 945 – 715 B.C.E.). (Written by Kayley Boddy '22) Catalogue card from 1960s: "5 faience ushabtis. Egyptian, XIX-XXVth Dyns. Gift of: W.C. Winslow '62. Dark turquoise glaze, black paint. Fronts only moulded. Crossed arms holding moulded hoe + mattock. Eyes (except [1943.97a]), fillets, satchel over left shoulder, tools, columnar inscriptions painted."
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Additional Details

Provenance March 1902: Hamilton College, by gift of William C. Winslow, on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Fund;
1899 - 1901: excavated from Abydos for the Egypt Exploration Fund.
Markings None noted.
Signature Not signed.
Inscribed Columnar inscription on front in black pigment.
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-715 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.97e
Shabti
Shabti
Date: c. 945-715 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.97d
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-715 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.97b
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-715 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.97a
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti of Mery-Amun
Date: c. 945-715 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.37
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti Overseer of Hor-si-ast
Date: c. 1186-1070 B.C.E.
Medium: Limestone with wash
Object number: 1943.59
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti of Neb-Neheh
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Clay with pigment
Object number: 1943.49
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti of Ankh-es-ast
Date: c. 945-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Clay with wash
Object number: 1943.60
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Red clay with blue wash and black pigment
Object number: 1943.77
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.38
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti Overseer
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Clay
Object number: 1943.124
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Red clay with black pigment
Object number: 1943.115