Shabti

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Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton College, Clinton, NY. Photo by Bryan Edwards. For educational purposes only.
Datec. 664-343 B.C.E.
MediumFaience
DimensionsOverall: 3 1/2 × 1 1/4 in. (8.9 × 3.2 cm)
Credit LineGift of William C. Winslow, Class of 1862
Object number1943.129
Not on view
DescriptionAs conceived by Ancient Egyptians, the afterlife was not much different from life on earth, although one never had to worry about illness or death. A highly valued facet of Egyptian life–and therefore afterlife–was labor. In the afterlife, this meant that everyone was expected to toil in fields of reeds called Aaru for Osiris, the god of death. Although in the predynastic and early dynastic eras, lasting from around 5500 to 2700 BCE, the pharaoh’s slaves and servants were sacrificed following his death so that they could take the pharaoh's place in the Aaru, this cruel practice seems to have been relatively unpopular and consequently faded away. In its place, the Book of the Dead provided a spell for calling forth shabtis–mummiform figurines with painted or carved symbols and features–to take one’s place in the Aaru. The earliest shabtis were unclothed and made of wax or wood; later, they were made of clay and faience and were clothed in garments tailored to specific agricultural tasks (for example, some had satchels to collect the harvest, while others had sickles and hoes). While the poorest of Ancient Egyptians could not afford to be buried with any shabti figures, most tombs contain at least a few shabtis, although usually of poorer quality than those that might be found in a pharaoh's tomb; for those who could afford it, a single tomb could hold over 400 shabti (written by Christina Naston, Class of 2020). Catalogue card from 1960s: "Faience ushabti. Egyptian, XXVI-XXXth Dyns. Gift of: W.C. Winslow. Top of head broken. Light blue glaze; granular white fabric. Surface full of lumps from poor smoothing before glazing. Bearded. Hands crossed, holding moulded hoe + mattock."

Additional Details

Alternate Titles Ushabti
Provenance by 1943: Hamilton College, by gift of William C. Winslow;
date unknown: William C. Winslow.
Markings None noted.
Signature Not signed.
Inscribed None noted.
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 746-656 B.C.E
Medium: Clay
Object number: 1943.128a
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1295-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.86b
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1295-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.86a
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.57
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.56c
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 945-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.56a
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 818-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.61b
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.103a
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-656 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience
Object number: 1943.102
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-945 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.33
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1295-945 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.41
Artwork is in the public domain. Image courtesy of the Ruth and Elmer Museum of Art at Hamilton…
Shabti
Date: c. 1070-945 B.C.E.
Medium: Faience with pigment
Object number: 1943.75